Development
Black-and-White dairy cattle were first introduced
to some large cities of China in the 1870's, from USA, UK, Germany,
Canada and Japan, and differed in body size and conformation according
to country of orgin.
Large type Holsteins
have been imported from USA since 1945, after the Second World War;
Dutch Black Pied have been introduced from the Netherlands since
1950. Purebred bulls were used in grading-up on local cows, continuous
selective breeding being practiced amoung superior crossbred offspring
for generations.
Thus developed, the Chinese Black-and-White
is now distributed throughout the country.
Body Measurements
Body size of the Chinese Black-and-White
varies according to the orgin of sires used in crossbreeding, and
the cattle may be roughly grouped into three types; large, medium,
and small. Large type cows, with an average height of 169 cm, mainly
originated from the
American and Canadian Holstein;
the medium type, with an average height of 133 cm, are primarily
developed from the Japanese and German Black-and-White, while the
small type, with and average body height of 130 cm, are offspring
from the Friesian sires of the Netherlands.
The crossbreds are intermingled, however,
and no definite ancestors can now be distinctly traced.
|
|
|
Milk Production:
The Black-and-White Dairy Cattle Association estimated
an average of 4461 kg per lactation for 270,000 mature cows.
|
The highest individual record has been 16,090
kg (305-day basis) by Cow No. 1098 in her 4th lactation at the East
Suburbs Dairy Farm, Beijing, in 1970.
The highest lifetime record has been 100,897
kg of milk in 3721 days over 10 lactations by Cow No. 644 from the
Zhongshan Dairy Farm, Nanjing. Another two cows from the East Suburbs
Farm, Beijing, each gave a total milk production of more than 100,000
kg of milk in 11 and 13 lactations respectively.
Average fat percentages are 3.3 and 3.4.
Meat Production
An average dressing percentage of 51 and
a meat percentage of 39 were obtained from 8 mature cows at the
Central China Agriculture College, Wuhan.
Reference:
Cheng, P. (1984) Livestock Breeds of China.
Animal Production and Health Paper 46 (E, F, S). Publ. by FAO,
Rome, 217 pp.
Mason, I.L. World Dictionary of Livestock
Breeds. Third Edition. C.A.B International. 1988
Photographs:
Cheng, P. Livestock Breeds of China. Animal
Production and Health Paper 46 . FAO, Rome
We are currently searching for photographs,
slides or video of this breed. If you have visual material which
we could borrow or if you know of a potential source please contact
us using the comment form below.
