BREED STANDARDS OF
THE BOER GOAT
The following are the breed standards as drawn up and accepted
by the Boer Breeders' Association of South Africa. The aim of the breeding
standards are to improve the race and to increase the economy value.
CONFORMATION
HEAD: A strong head with large soft brown
eyes and without an untamed look. A strong slightly curved nose, wide
nostrils, strong well-formed mouth with well-fitted jaws. Up to 4 tooth
must show a 100% fit. Six tooth olds and older may show 6 mm protrusion.
Permanent teeth must cut in the correct anatomical
place. The forehead must be prominently curved linking up with the curve
of nose and horns. Horns should be strong, of moderate length and placed
moderately apart with a gradual backward curve.
Horns have to be as round and solid as possible
and coloured darkly. Ears are to be broad, smooth and of medium length
hanging downwards from the head. Too short ears are undesirable.
Characteristic cull defects: Concave forehead,
horns too straight or too flat, pointed jaw, ears folded (lengthwise),
stiff protruding ears, too short ears, too long lower jaws, short bottom
jaw and blue eyes.
NECK AND FOREQUARTERS:
A neck of moderate length in proportion to the length of the body, full
and well fleshed and well-joined with the forequarter is essential.
The breastbone should be broad with a deep and broad brisket.
The shoulder should be fleshy, in proportion
to the body and be well-fitted to the withers. The withers should be
as broad and as well-filled as possible (not sharp). The front legs
should be of medium length and in proportion to the depth of the body.
The legs should be strong and well placed, with
strong pastern joints and well-formed hoofs which are as dark as possible.
Characteristic cull defects:
Too long, thin neck, too short neck, shoulders too loose.
BARREL:
The ideal is a long, deep broad barrel. The ribs must be well sprung
and fleshed, and the loins as well fitted as possible. The goat should
have a broad, fairly straight back and must not be pinched behind the
shoulders.
Characteristic cull defects:
Back to concave, too slabsided, too cylindrical or pinched behind the
shoulder.
HINDQUARTERS:
The Boer Goat should have a broad and long rump, not sloping too much,
well fleshed buttocks which are not too flat, and have fully fleshed
thighs. The tail must be straight where it grows out of the dock and
then swing to either side.
Characteristic cull defects:
A rump that hangs too much or is too short. A too long shank or flat
buttocks.
LEGS:
Emphasis should be placed on the legs which should be strong (of good
texture) and well placed. Too fleshy legs are undesirable. Strong legs
imply hardiness and a strong constitution, which are absolutely essential
characteristics of the Boer Goat.
Characteristic cull defects:
Knock knees, bandy legs, "koeisekel of regophak". Legs too
thin or too fleshy. Weak pasterns and hoofs pointing outwards or inwards.
SKIN AND COVERINGS:
A loose supple skin with sufficient chest and neck folds, especially
in the case of rams, is essential. Eyelids and hairless parts must be
pigmented. The hairless skin under the tail should have 75 % pigmentation
for stud purposes with 100% pigmentation the ideal. Short, glossy hair
is desirable. A limited amount of fur will be tolerated during winter
months.
Characteristic cull defects:
Covering too long and coarse or too furry.
SEXUAL ORGANS:
Ewes: Well-formed udder firmly attached with no more than two functional
teats on a side. Permissible defects:
- If there is no indication that the teat is
separating, but there are two milk openings, this is acceptable.
- Double teats: the front 50% should be split.
Rams: Two reasonably large, well formed, healthy
and equal sized testes in one scrotum. A scrotum with no larger split
than 5 cm is permissible. The scrotum must be at least 25 cm in circumference.
Characteristic cull defects:
Bunched, calabash or double teats. Too small testes, a scrotum with
more than a 5 cm split.
QUALITY:
This is achieved with short glossy hair and a fine lustre.
SIZE:
The ideal is an average sized, heavy goat with maximum meat production.
A desirable relationship between length of leg and depth of body should
be achieved at all ages. Lambs should tend to be longer in the leg.
Characteristic cull defects:
Goats too large or too small (pony).
COLOURING:
The ideal is a white goat with a red head and ears, and fully pigmented.
The blaze must be evident. Shadings between light red and dark red are
permissible. The minimum requirement for a stud animal is a patch of
at least 10 cm in diameter on both sides of the head, ears excluded.
Both ears should have at least 75 % red colouring and the same percentage
pigmentation.
The following is permissible for stud purposes:
HEAD, NECK AND FORE-QUARTERS:
A total red colouring is permissible not further than the shoulder blade
and on the shoulder it must exist not lower than level with the chest
junction.
BARREL, HINDQUARTER AND BELLY:
Only one patch not exceeding 10 cm in diameter is permissible.
LEGS:
The term "legs" is taken to mean that portion below and imaginary
line formed by the chest and the underline. Patches with maximum of
5cm in diameter are permissible.
TAIL:
The tail may be red, but the red colour may not continue onto the body
for more than 2,5 cm.
RED HAIR AND COVERING:
Very few red hairs are permissible at the 2-tooth stage.
PIGMENTATION:
Discriminate against too light pigmentation.
FLOCK GOAT:
A flock goat is a Boer goat which does not comply with the stud standards,
but has no cull faults. At least 50% must be red. Under the tail the
flock goat must be at least 25% pigmented. Rams may not be more than
25% red.
EXPLANATION OF BREED STANDARDS:
In applying standards, there are many aspects which cannot be fully
defined. In such cases the inspector or judge must use his discretion.
In spite of the breed standards being clear and to the point, it is
never the less necessary to supply additional information in respect
of certain descriptions.
The major part of the body of the goat must
be white to make it conspicuous and to facilitate the rounding up of
goats in dense terrain. A pigmented skin on the hairless parts, e.g.
under the tail, round the eyelids and mouth etc., is absolutely essential,
because it offers resistance to sunburn which may result in cancer.
A pigmented skin is also more resistant to skin
disease. A loose, supple skin is essential for adaptability to climatic
conditions. In South Africa, which is a warm and sunny country, an animals
with a loose skin and short hair is better adapted. In addition a skin
of this kind provides additional resistance to external parasites.
GENERAL APPEARANCE AND TYPE:
In appearance it is a goat with a fine head, round horns bent backwards,
a loose, supple and pleated skin (especially in rams) with different
body parts well fleshed in perfect balance. The ewe must be feminine,
wedging slightly to the front, which is a sign of fertility.
The ram, never the less, appears heavier in the
head, neck and forequarters. The upgraded Boer goat is an animal with
symmetry, with a strong, vigorous appearance and enough quality. In
the ewe there is strong emphasis on femininity; in the ram one of masculinity.
FERTILITY:
Shows: An ewe must have lambed at six tooth age already or must visibly
be with young or she will be culled. Auctions: six tooth and older ewes
must visibly be with young or be certified in writing as pregnant by
a veterinary surgeon or the ewe will be culled. Certificate to be handed
in during inspection.
